Seville (sour) orange juice: synephrine content and cardiovascular effects in normotensive adults
by
Penzak SR, Jann MW, Cold JA,
Hon YY, Desai HD, Gurley BJ.
Department of Pharmacy Practice,
Mercer University, Southern School of Pharmacy,
Atlanta, Georgia 30341-4155, USA.
J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Oct;41(10):1059-63


ABSTRACT

The Seville orange extract Citrus aurantium contains m-synephrine (phenylephrine) and octopamine; it causes cardiac disturbances in animals and is used by humans for weight loss. Juice from the orange (Seville orange juice [SOJ]) is used to "knock out" intestinal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 in bioavailability studies. The purpose of this study was to determine synephrine and octopamine concentrations in SOJ and SOJ's cardiovascular effects in normotensive humans. Subjects consumed 8 ounces of SOJ and water in crossover fashion followed by a repeat ingestion 8 hours later. Hemodynamic (heart rate; systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure) measurements followed. Synephrine and octopamine were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Hemodynamics did not differ significantly between water and SOJ groups. Mean synephrine concentration of SOJ samples was 56.9 +/- 0.52 microg/ml; octopamine was not detected. SOJ ingestion by normotensive subjects is expected to be safe. Individuals with severe hypertension, tachyarrhythmias, and narrow-angle glaucoma and monoamine oxidase inhibitor recipients should avoid SOJ consumption. Persons taking decongestant-containing cold preparations should also refrain from SOJ intake.
Risks
Fen/phen
Sibutramine
Diethylpropion
Slimming drugs
Self-medication
Worms on speed
Dopamine uptake
Canine narcolepsy
Ephedra and the FDA
Methamphetamine FAQ
Obsesity: drug treatments
Synephrine stereoisomers as antidepressants



Refs
and further reading

amphetamines.com
HOME
HedWeb
Nootropics
cocaine.wiki
Cannabis.net
Future Opioids
BLTC Research
MDMA/Ecstasy
Superhappiness?
Utopian Surgery?
The Good Drug Guide
The Abolitionist Project
The Hedonistic Imperative
The Reproductive Revolution
Critique of Huxley's Brave New World